Unresolved problems in science

Unresolved problems in science span various disciplines, including physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, and more. Here are some of the most significant ones:

Physics

- *Quantum Gravity*: Merging quantum mechanics and general relativity to explain phenomena at extremely small distances and high energies.

- *Dark Matter and Dark Energy*: Understanding the nature of these mysterious components that make up most of the universe.

- *Theory of Everything*: Developing a unified theory that explains all fundamental forces and particles.

- *Black Hole Information Paradox*: Resolving the puzzle of what happens to information contained in matter that falls into a black hole.

- *Cosmological Constant Problem*: Explaining why the vacuum energy density is so small.

Mathematics

- *Millennium Prize Problems*: Seven problems identified by the Clay Mathematics Institute, including the Riemann Hypothesis, P versus NP problem, and Navier-Stokes Equations.

Biology
- *Consciousness*: Understanding the nature of consciousness and how it arises from brain activity.

- *Gene Expression*: Unraveling the complex mechanisms controlling gene expression and its role in development and disease.

Chemistry
- *Protein Folding*: Predicting the 3D structure of proteins based on their amino acid sequence.
- *Catalytic Mechanisms*: Understanding how enzymes facilitate chemical reactions.

Computer Science
- *P versus NP problem*: Determining whether every problem with a known efficient algorithm can be verified efficiently.

- *Artificial General Intelligence*: Creating AI that surpasses human intelligence in all domains.

Other Areas
- *Neuroscience*: Understanding the neural basis of cognition, behavior, and neurological disorders.

- *Environmental Science*: Addressing climate change, sustainability, and ecosystem conservation 

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